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  本代码包括ip的爬取,检测是否可用,可用保存,通过函数get_proxies可以获得ip,如:{‘HTTPS’: ‘106.12.7.54:8118’}

  下面放上源代码,并详细注释:

  import requests

  from lxml import etree

  from requests.packages import urllib3

  import random, time

  urllib3.disable_warnings()

  def spider(pages, max_change_porxies_times=300):

  """

  抓取 XiciDaili.com 的 http类型-代理ip-和端口号

  将所有抓取的ip存入 raw_ips.csv 待处理, 可用 check_proxies() 检查爬取到的代理ip是否可用

  —–

  :param pages:要抓取多少页

  :return:无返回

  """

  s = requests.session()

  s.trust_env = False

  s.verify = False

  urls = 'https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{}'

  proxies = {}

  try_times = 0

  for i in range(pages):

  url = urls.format(i + 1)

  s.headers = {

  'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',

  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',

  'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',

  'Connection': 'keep-alive',

  'Referer': urls.format(i if i > 0 else ''),

  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.75 Safari/537.36'}

  while True:

  content = s.get(url, headers=s.headers, proxies=proxies)

  time.sleep(random.uniform(1.5, 4))  # 每读取一次页面暂停一会,否则会被封

  if content.status_code == 503:  # 如果503则ip被封,就更换ip

  proxies = get_proxies()

  try_times += 1

  print(f'第{str(try_times):0>3s}次变更,当前{proxies}')

  if try_times > max_change_porxies_times:

  print('超过最大尝试次数,连接失败!')

  return -1

  continue

  else:

  break  # 如果返回码是200 ,就跳出while循环,对爬取的页面进行处理

  print(f'正在抓取第{i+1}页数据,共{pages}页')

  for j in range(2, 102):  # 用简单的xpath提取http,host和port

  tree = etree.HTML(content.text)

  http = tree.xpath(f'//table[@id="ip_list"]/tr[{j}]/td[6]/text()')[0]

  host = tree.xpath(f'//table[@id="ip_list"]/tr[{j}]/td[2]/text()')[0]

  port = tree.xpath(f'//table[@id="ip_list"]/tr[{j}]/td[3]/text()')[0]

  check_proxies(http, host, port)  # 检查提取的代理ip是否可用

  def check_proxies(http, host, port, test_url='http://www.baidu.com'):

  """

  检测给定的ip信息是否可用

  根据http,host,port组成proxies,对test_url进行连接测试,如果通过,则保存在 ips_pool.csv 中

  :param http: 传输协议类型

  :param host: 主机

  :param port: 端口号

  :param test_url: 测试ip

  :return: None

  """

  proxies = {http: host + ':' + port}

  try:

  res = requests.get(test_url, proxies=proxies, timeout=2)

  if res.status_code == 200:

  print(f'{proxies}检测通过')

  with open('ips_pool.csv', 'a+') as f:

  f.write(','.join([http, host, port]) + '\n')

  except Exception as e:  # 检测不通过,就不保存,别让报错打断程序

  print(e)

  def check_local_ip(fn, test_url):

  """

  检查存放在本地ip池的代理ip是否可用

  通过读取fn内容,加载每一条ip对test_url进行连接测试,链接成功则储存在 ips_pool.csv 文件中

  :param fn: filename,储存代理ip的文件名

  :param test_url: 要进行测试的ip

  :return: None

  """

  with open(fn, 'r') as f:

  datas = f.readlines()

  ip_pools = []

  for data in datas:

  # time.sleep(1)

  ip_msg = data.strip().split(',')

  http = ip_msg[0]

  host = ip_msg[1]

  port = ip_msg[2]

  proxies = {http: host + ':' + port}

  try:

  res = requests.get(test_url, proxies=proxies, timeout=2)

  if res.status_code == 200:

  ip_pools.append(data)

  print(f'{proxies}检测通过')

  with open('ips_pool.csv', 'a+') as f:

  f.write(','.join([http, host, port]) + '\n')

  except Exception as e:

  print(e)

  continue

  def get_proxies(ip_pool_name='ips_pool.csv'):

  """

  从ip池获得一个随机的代理ip

  :param ip_pool_name: str,存放ip池的文件名,

  :return: 返回一个proxies字典,形如:{'HTTPS': '106.12.7.54:8118'}

  """

  with open(ip_pool_name, 'r') as f:

  datas = f.readlines()

  ran_num = random.choice(datas)

  ip = ran_num.strip().split(',')

  proxies = {ip[0]: ip[1] + ':' + ip[2]}

  return proxies

  if __name__ == '__main__':

  t1 = time.time()

  spider(pages=3400)

  t2 = time.time()

  print('抓取完毕,时间:', t2 – t1)

  # check_local_ip('raw_ips.csv','http://www.baidu.com')